> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ghoulsec.gitbook.io/ghoulsec-vault/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ghoulsec.gitbook.io/ghoulsec-vault/server-are-fun/managing-partitions/lvm/adding-physical-volume-into-vg.md).

# Adding physical volume into VG

***

### **Prerequisites**

* A new disk (`/dev/sdb` in this case) that you wish to add to the volume group.
* `sudo` privileges or root access to perform LVM management tasks.

***

### **Step-by-Step Guide**

#### **Step 1: Formatting the Disk Using `fdisk`**

Before you can add the new disk to the LVM, you need to partition it.

1. **Open `fdisk` to format the new disk** (e.g., `/dev/sdb`):

   ```bash
   sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
   ```
2. **Create a new partition**:
   * Type `n` to create a new partition.
   * Select the partition type and size (accept default values if unsure).
   * Type `t` to change the partition type.
   * Set the type to `8e` (Linux LVM).
3. **Write the changes**:

   * Type `w` to write the partition table and exit `fdisk`.

   This creates a new partition, e.g., `/dev/sdb1` or `/dev/sdb3`, depending on how you partitioned the disk.

***

#### **Step 2: Verify the Volume Group with `vgdisplay`**

Before adding the new partition to the volume group, you need to identify your existing volume group.

1. **Check the current volume groups**:

   ```bash
   sudo vgdisplay
   ```

   This will show information about the current volume group, such as its name, size, and free space. Make a note of the volume group name (e.g., `ubuntu-vg`), as you’ll need it for the next steps.

***

#### **Step 3: Add the New Disk to the Volume Group**

Now that you have a partition ready (`/dev/sdb3`), you can add it to your existing volume group.

1. **Extend the volume group with the new physical volume**:

   ```bash
   sudo vgextend <volume_group> /dev/sdb3
   ```

   Replace `<volume_group>` with the name of your volume group (e.g., `ubuntu-vg`).

   Example:

   ```bash
   sudo vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb3
   ```

   This command adds `/dev/sdb3` to the volume group. You can verify the success of this command by running `vgdisplay` again. The "Free PE" (free space) should increase after extending the volume group.

***

#### **Step 4: Extend Logical Volumes (Optional)**

If you wish to allocate the newly added space to a logical volume, you need to extend it.

1. **Check the logical volumes available**:

   ```bash
   sudo lvdisplay
   ```
2. **Extend a specific logical volume** to use the newly added space:

   ```bash
   sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/<volume_group>/<logical_volume>
   ```

   * Replace `<volume_group>` with your volume group name (e.g., `ubuntu-vg`).
   * Replace `<logical_volume>` with the name of the logical volume you wish to extend (e.g., `ubuntu-lv`).
   * The `-l +100%FREE` option means you want to use all the available free space in the volume group.

   Example:

   ```bash
   sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
   ```

***

#### **Step 5: Resize the Filesystem**

After extending the logical volume, you need to resize the filesystem to take advantage of the new space.

1. **Resize the filesystem** (for ext4 filesystems, for example):

   ```bash
   sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
   ```

   This command will resize the filesystem to utilize all the newly available space in the logical volume.

***

#### **Step 6: Verify the Changes**

1. **Check the logical volume size**:

   ```bash
   sudo lvdisplay
   ```

   This will show the updated size of your logical volume.
2. **Check the filesystem size**:

   ```bash
   df -h
   ```

   This will show the updated space available on the mounted filesystem.