Adding physical volume into VG

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Prerequisites

• A new disk (/dev/sdb in this case) that you wish to add to the volume group.

• sudo privileges or root access to perform LVM management tasks.

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Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Formatting the Disk Using fdisk

Before you can add the new disk to the LVM, you need to partition it.

1. Open fdisk to format the new disk (e.g., /dev/sdb):

   sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

2. Create a new partition:

   • Type n to create a new partition.

   • Select the partition type and size (accept default values if unsure).

   • Type t to change the partition type.

   • Set the type to 8e (Linux LVM).

3. Write the changes:

   • Type w to write the partition table and exit fdisk.

   This creates a new partition, e.g., /dev/sdb1 or /dev/sdb3, depending on how you partitioned the disk.

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Step 2: Verify the Volume Group with vgdisplay

Before adding the new partition to the volume group, you need to identify your existing volume group.

1. Check the current volume groups:

   sudo vgdisplay

   This will show information about the current volume group, such as its name, size, and free space. Make a note of the volume group name (e.g., ubuntu-vg), as you’ll need it for the next steps.

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Step 3: Add the New Disk to the Volume Group

Now that you have a partition ready (/dev/sdb3), you can add it to your existing volume group.

1. Extend the volume group with the new physical volume:

   sudo vgextend <volume_group> /dev/sdb3

   Replace <volume_group> with the name of your volume group (e.g., ubuntu-vg).

   Example:

   sudo vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb3

   This command adds /dev/sdb3 to the volume group. You can verify the success of this command by running vgdisplay again. The "Free PE" (free space) should increase after extending the volume group.

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Step 4: Extend Logical Volumes (Optional)

If you wish to allocate the newly added space to a logical volume, you need to extend it.

1. Check the logical volumes available:

   sudo lvdisplay

2. Extend a specific logical volume to use the newly added space:

   sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/<volume_group>/<logical_volume>

   • Replace <volume_group> with your volume group name (e.g., ubuntu-vg).

   • Replace <logical_volume> with the name of the logical volume you wish to extend (e.g., ubuntu-lv).

   • The -l +100%FREE option means you want to use all the available free space in the volume group.

   Example:

   sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv

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Step 5: Resize the Filesystem

After extending the logical volume, you need to resize the filesystem to take advantage of the new space.

1. Resize the filesystem (for ext4 filesystems, for example):

   sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv

   This command will resize the filesystem to utilize all the newly available space in the logical volume.

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Step 6: Verify the Changes

1. Check the logical volume size:

   sudo lvdisplay

   This will show the updated size of your logical volume.

2. Check the filesystem size:

   df -h

   This will show the updated space available on the mounted filesystem.